Sexuality and cancer Stamane con una collega si parlava di gatti, cani, sterilizzazioni e tumori.
Mi raccontava che ha una gattina che ha dovuto far defertilizzare proprio ieri.
Come sicuramente sapete è un intervento chirurgico grazie al quale la gatta non va in calore. Al pari dell'intervento per cani e gatti, i vantaggi di questo intervento sono innumerevoli, psicoligici, fisici e sociali (lotta al randagismo).
La sterilizzazione riduce the incidence of mammary tumors in adult female. With sterilization prepubertal (before the first heat), or within the third heat, it is reduced to almost zero, it is presumed to be the only preventive therapy! Obviously, with the removal of the ovaries eliminates the possibility of developing ovarian cancer and other cancers of the organ.
So it is absolutely clear and recognize a relationship between sexuality and cancer in animals.
And ok, that man can be a more complex attimino ...
But I do not think this can be overstated and thorough report, as tralaltro remarks the author of the following article, in their premises.
The reason for this failure is quite clear: do complex studies, surveys accompanied by equally complex and long lasting (some statistical studies require decades to be completed), it requires large investments of money. Who can finance them, then? Certainly not the state, which continues to disinvest in research, but the private sector, ie mainly pharmaceutical companies, which have no interest to subsidize this type of research initiatives.
If it is established that the lifestyle has dramatic influence on the development of tumors, the current revenue of the pharmaceutical companies would at least resized.
's useless, therefore, ask because these theories are not spread by the canonical information channels, totally subservient to the pharmaceutical lobby.
If you have 10 minutes there I highly recommend reading:
Sexuality and cancer: a sociological approcccio
John Cozzolino
Abstract There are still among more than 100,000 publications and essays (in addition to scientific articles) who speak a psychosomatic etiology of Cancer. Rarely
this threshold for this phenomenon was taken seriously.
It is not clear why science has flown on these empirical research, hardly used as a basis of understanding.
The sociological and psycho-sociological aspects of a deadly disease like cancer is little or no official scientific consensus in the universe. This modest contribution
just want to be another voice (newcomer) in a much larger choir, so that we can consider what may be unfolding as the basis for neoplastic disease, by examining a field investigation that, in addition to the vastness, possesses immense power of fascination.
the sociological There is a cancer-prone personality?
In short: you can examine to make sure you are in danger?
To use a scientific term there is a phenotype at risk "?
must first be said that, as is now widely recognized, factors predisposing to cancer are numerous and interconnected to create a mosaic in which the lack of even a single card would invalidate the whole.
To prove the above points out that scientific research in part by the fact that certain people have an increased predisposition "anarchy phone" thing among other things, which is defined as a psycho-social, according to an idea of \u200b\u200bGrossarth -Maticek. (1)
Many men smoke, yet only 10% developed a tumor, or rather a form of lung cancer.
Many individuals are continuously subjected to an environmental carcinogen, yet only a few develop cancer.
A striking example comes from patients with leukemia who are already before the onset of the disease, persons especially sensitive.
In them there is something "under the skin", a more than in others (Meerwein 1981).
So we can say that if you look at the cancer disease through the eyes of the technical-rational scientific medicine, you can not grab it, and understand.
For this reason, the cancer can be seen as one of the typical diseases of the overall personality and thus do not understand the perspective to see "Homo Tecnicus" which throws the look only to the disease.
Only a change (it is already underway for another) in covering the Homo Sapiens di nuovo nel suo complesso, renderà solidali le forze sane dell'istinto di sopravvivenza nell'uomo e potrà aiutare il gruppo medico-paziente ad ottenere la vittoria sulla malattia.
Sessualità e cancro Fino a qualche tempo fa, gli aspetti riguardanti la sfera sessuale dei cancerosi non hanno ricevuto serie considerazioni.
Tali aspetti sono stati sempre visti come estranei o frivoli quando altri sembravano molto più importanti o immediati.
Sembrava incongruente considerare i riferimenti sessuali dei pazienti i quali potevano essere in molti casi moribondi.
Both
sex stimulate strong emotions that cancer.
Cancer is a disease with a stigma. There is a huge number of reasons why this disease has to do with the sphere of sexuality.
The "attacks" of cancer to the sexual organs is done in ways that no other symptoms and disease.
And also his treatment, the treatment methods that are implemented, can cripple the body. Own image is so damaged it, becoming, for the affected person, a bad thing, hence this can lead to fear of offending others.
Then there are the deep intrusions of unconscious nature, an awareness that for being "punished" with a terrible disease like cancer, it must have been guilty of immoral behavior, frequently sexual in nature. With
cancer patients alive for a longer period of time and with increasing attention to the psychosocial aspects of cancer, the references of a sexual nature and problems of cancer have been recognized as important components of comprehensive care . (2) studies
Even with dying patients reveal sexual references. Sexuality is
an important aspect of life at any time. Although no published epidemiological studies of the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among cancer, the problem is considered widespread.
Wanting to reduce the main points in which the cancer puts in his attacks, you can define these elements:
1) The process of the disease either through direct damage to major organs and their innervation of distribution and supply, which (less frequently) by the weakness and debilitation.
2) Treatment-operation, radiation, and chemotherapy can result in all alteration or sexual dysfunction, temporary or permanent.
3) Alteration of body image after mutilating operations, consequential or unpleasant effects of somatization of those affected.
4) anxiety, depression and other psychological disorders allied with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, can cause sexual dysfunction.
operations altering the body have full power and a direct effect on sexual function as they did with the loss of necessary and vital organs.
pelvic evisceration is an example of sexual mutilation, others not less important are vaginectomia, penectomy, the vulvectomy. A colostomy or prostatectomy may cause impotence if the innervations were damaged.
mastectomy has an impact on the image and pride of the body at large. The
laryngectomy maxillofacial operations, and upper limb amputations affect the image of the body. Any affront to the image of the body or the respect of itself creates a high risk situation with regard to sexual dysfunction.
Chemotherapy can produce impotence or sterility for men already, early symptoms of menopause for women and decreased libido in both sexes, la radiazione può abbreviare il cilindro vaginale e diminuire l'elasticità e la lubrificazione vaginale.
La nausea prodotta dalla chemioterapia o da radiazione può essere un impedimento all'interesse sessuale.
Le operazioni alla testa e al collo possono eliminare baci e altre stimolazioni orali dalle attività sessuali.
In aggiunta alla mutilazione sessuale, le attività del paziente canceroso possono essere sessualmente inibite.
I sentimenti del paziente influenzano anche il partner sessuale. Egli può temere che il ritenere lui stesso o lei stessa come incompleto/a, danneggiato/a or dying can lead to inhibition or to abstain from sex and relationships.
Shame and embarrassment can impact on intimacy. Since
that our culture glorifies sex in terms of youth and physical perfection, many cancerous react with fear and can not initiate sexual activity, some of these patients with an already low interest in sex can be used as a cancer an excuse to limit or stop sexual activity.
sexual partners may be afraid of the pain of cancer and therefore inhibited in the report itself.
Some partners report being disturbed by "stamens" abdominal breathing or a laryngectomy during intercourse.
The kiss, relationship, even sleeping in the same bed can be removed for fear of "contracting" cancer.
Sexual problems in women who have had mastectomy for breast cancer have been reported widely (3) on texts in this respect. References
General of patients who have had mastectomies, are, a sense of mutilation, loss of feeling or fear of death and femininity.
To some observers, the emotional pain appears to be far more important than the physical pain of mastectomy.
Polivy (4) found specific changes, negative body image following mastectomy, coupled with the decline of pride, although these changes were not apparent until six months after the operation.
A woman who discovers a mutilated after these operations feels decrease its value as a woman, and usually sees itself less acceptable to the sexual partner, the focal point for the psychological rehabilitation of a patient who had a mastectomy, should be its image. The perception of
his sexual adequacy and desirability after the operation depends on many factors, including body image and perception of the partner after the operation.
From a male point of view, sexuality and intimacy after mastectomy can be acutely stressful.
study and Jewel Edwards (5) of the women who suffered surgical treatment of pelvic-genital cancer, or other procedures widely demolition, showed that women had a marked and significant decrease of body image.
Similar significant decreases were found in the continuation of the sexual relationship and in the frequency of the report, almost one third reported a marked deterioration in sexual intercourse with frequent changes of relationship with younger fans.
Many patients also regard the intervention of maiming suffered face radical changes in their ways of life. These changes may include the use of a prosthetic-device (most common example is the artificial anus) soiling themselves with their own excrement and being unable to control the leakage, odors, or irrigation.
As a result, many feel insecure and can be regarded as social outcasts.
Durante la ricerca qui riportata di Jewel e Edward furono intervistati 409 soggetti con i problemi sopra citati, solo il 22% disse che la loro operazione aveva interferito con le loro pratiche sessuali stabilite.
Questo, a riprova di un problema di occultamento di questa preoccupante situazione che, interessando la sfera privata della sessualità, genera repressione e negazione del problema stesso.
Vi è da dire che comunque, i pazienti di cancro che in qualche modo hanno subito interventi chirurgici come la mastectomia o altro , hanno qualche vantaggio rispetto a quanti hanno dovuto subire operazioni al collo o alla testa, in quanto i primi possono in some way to conceal this damage.
With the importance of beauty in our society, youth, and communication, and because of evidence of the defects left by cancer and its treatment, tumors in the head and neck are major threats to the emotional image the body and interpersonal relationships.
Being sexually active is important as a source of pride.
But sexuality means more than intercourse, it means sexual feelings. All patients with chronic diseases have to some extent sexual problems, but the cancer
occupa per la sua particolare cronicità un posto di assoluto rilievo per quanto riguarda queste problematiche, in quanto queste in moltissimi casi sono concause dello scatenamento stesso della malattia e non susseguenti e conseguenti ad essa.
In questo caso, aiutando il malato cronico canceroso a mantenere piacevole l'attività sessuale si può di fatto contribuire in modo anche determinante all'aumento dell'amor proprio .
Gli addetti ai lavori che pongono in essere la cura per la riduzione delle disfunzioni di carattere sessuale devono capire il grado della suddetta disfunzione nei differenti luoghi dell'organo colpito e a differenti stadi di vita.
As mentioned above highlights the characteristics of the effects of cancer on the sexuality of individuals, but upstream of all there is to consider the determinants of sexual sphere in triggering of malignant tumors.
as reports Frederic Vester (1979) (6), probably there is a close relationship between sexual frustration and cancer through the action of sex hormones on the hormonal system.
E 'is known, for example, that a reclining woman and sexually balanced not only feels better, but it makes more and at the same time is less exposed to diseases in general, because gli ormoni sessuali rafforzano le funzioni di difesa.
Al contrario la frustrazione sessuale conduce ad una aumentata secrezione di cortisone e quindi ad una attenuazione del sistema immunitario.
Da uno studio condotto da Bander(7) nel 1981 esteso a 5000 donne si rilevò lo sviluppo di un carcinoma al seno in quelle il cui corpo produceva solamente la metà o meno della quantità normale dell'ormone sessuale androgeno.
L'occuparsi di questo tipo di cancro è già di per se particolarmente eclatante perchè il carcinoma al seno attualmente rappresenta il cancro degli organi più common in the female population of industrialized countries. In the U.S. such as the number of women infected with breast cancer increases by about 70,000 units a year. According to Bander
women without children, single, or "singles" are increasingly at risk for breast cancer, not the control groups.
It seems that there is a relationship between higher education and breast cancer. Of course relationships are statistically not entirely convincing reasons for wanting to really determine a higher risk of cancer.
Rather it is to find some form of life, to prevent cancer to develop.
E 'was shown by longitudinal studies carried out by the same Bander and confirmed by Pelletier (1982) (8) that the risk of breast cancer is much lower in three cultures:
Eskimos, Japanese, and South Africa, ie cultures where it is common to a long period of breastfeeding.
More specifically, the relationship between cancer and the sphere of sexual relations that defines the cervical cancer is directly proportional to the age at which women they marry, especially women who marry more presto, si sposano più di una volta nel corso della vita, divorziano più spesso e sono più spesso incinte di altre donne con differenti stili di vita.
Il cancro all'addome (carcinoma ovarico) sembra avere una enorme correlazione con la frequenza del coito : prostitute di Copenaghen mostrano una percentuale di cancro all'addome quattro volte maggiore di quanto fosse da aspettarsi, mentre le monache rimangono attualmente risparmiate da questa malattia.
Che la malattia o l'insorgenza di essa al collo dell'utero sia in rapporto non solo con la frequenza del rapporto sessuale, ma che abbia a che fare eventualmente anche con l'igiene del pene dell'uomo, is interpreted by several investigations, among them a pipeline to Israel (10).
From this survey shows that Jewish women are often surprisingly ill of cancer of the uterus.
One explanation may lie in circumcision, rooted in Jewish culture, which has improved the hygiene of the penis and that perhaps it was introduced just for this.
The results of research conducted so far on cancer-sex show with certainty a correlation according to which cancer patients are more likely to repression of sexual life.
Women who are ill-adapted to the sex and who reject the "role" Women are more at risk of getting cancer than others. In the male population of extreme sexual behavior, positive as negative can lead to the triggering of tumors in various forms: repressed sexuality can lead to correlations with lung cancer, strong sexual desires and multiple partners increases the risk of malignancy can affect the side of the genitalia (eg prostate). In a prospective study
Grossarth-Maticek (1979) tried to find exactly the scientific relationship between sexuality and future health of cancer: the sample was consisting of 80 persons undergoing maintenance.
result, the twenty ammalatisi later of cancer at the time only three had said they were able to achieve orgasm.
Oncologists Hungarian Nemeth and Mezei (1975) (11) also investigated the phenomenon from a psychological point of view of 206 cancer patients (women) who were ill with breast cancer or abdomen.
The result was the following features: the patients had accumulated marriages wrong and conflicts with your partner (or other alcoholic or abusive husband). The choice of a partner was wanted in many cases, almost all from the mother or the women were directed to the supposed wishes of the mother. Sexuality in marriage was far from satisfactory for women suffering from guilt and aggresività.
In another survey was sought under the psychological point of view, the characteristic profile of 100 women with a cervical cancer and compared with that of healthy women.
Researchers (Stephenson and Grace, 1954) (12) reported the following results:
In the study it became evident in a high percentage of patients aversion to sexual relations that came to the disgust of them adopted. The inability
di ottenere soddisfazione nei rapporti sessuali.
".. Con l'assenza dell'orgasmo, la frequenza dei divorzi, l'essere lasciati, mariti infedeli, separazioni e rapporti sessuali con uomini diversi dal proprio marito, probabilmente sono segni di un cattivo adattamento sessuale. Appaiono più sovente in pazienti con cancro all'utero che non in altre con forme neoplastiche e precedono di molti anni la comparsa della malattia cancerosa."
Una ricerca compiuta su più larga scala da Trotnow e Pauli nel 1974 presso la clinica ginecologica dell'università di Erlagen permise di intervistare con questionari psicologici 7500 donne.
Il result was that breast cancer seems to be closely related to separation, divorce or death of a partner. In comparison to healthy women was found in those suffering from breast cancer increased sexual abstinence, isolation and excessive religiosity (12)
A parallel research conducted by Neumeyer, Wolff-Riter and Roehr (1980) confronted the center of psychosomatic medicine and the psychological behavior to the sensuality of women with breast cancer and healthy women or with benign diseases.
Of the 36 cancer patients, 18% considered against the partner's sexuality as unimportant, the group control only 4.5% were of the same opinion.
Only 6.5% of cancer patients had premarital sex, in the other group, 77% or 86% respectively.
correspondence was also higher than the age of the first report (taking the average) exactly 21 years to 19 years in the patients than the control group.
Later in the same survey was taken over in 1982 a further confirmation on a parameter very interesting in future cancer patients, the frequency of intercourse was lower and the age of their first report, the highest in comparison with a healthy or with disease or behavior distorted.
These investigations essentially statistical value only express an objective reality that still must be analyzed in greater depth on a slope Clinical and Sociological. They can be backed up by a philosophical roots going back to Wilhelm Reich saw that the sexual liberation the only way to heaven. Though sometimes leave the ground closely, however, he came to scientific findings serious: he differed significantly from the power of erection and vaginal power called "orgy".
He stated in 1927: "The experience .. clinica insegna che le persone, in seguito a generale repressione sessuale, hanno perduto la capacità all'ultimo abbandono vegetativamente spontaneo. Io intendo per potenza orgiastica proprio questa ultima parte, finora sconosciuta, dell'eccitabilità e della liberazione dalla tensione.
La potenza orgiastica forma la funzione biologicamente originaria e fondamentale che gli uomini hanno in comune con tutti gli altri esseri viventi".
La potenza orgiastica di Reich permette, oltre alla distensione fisiologica, l'appagamento psichico bramato.
Premessa di ciò è l'integrazione fra sesso fisico ed accesso emozionale in un sexual encounter, without taboos delicate.
This very delicate and complex mechanism enables the dynamic balance of biological and psychological worlds of man and the unfolding of a peaceful life in general.
Following this line of research, and many others (of which there can be no mention here for reasons of space) opens a universe of deep research on the etiology of this evil that goes beyond the purely medical and chemical, to address the genesis of a process that sees man as a builder and destroyer of himself.
As from that date said, the psychosomatic aspects of cancer appears in the foreground.
In 1984 in the USL n 19 of Clairvaux C. was started (without any aspiration search sensationalist) an empirical study conducted on a total of 77 cancer patients in order to detect if
theories born from the research above figures were confirmed even on small samples of sick people.
The collection of "life stories" of patients brought to light, through their direct testimonies of a path that lived in 100% of cases showed that, according to a uniformly accepted psychological terminology, one could define alexithymia as a personality.
Subjects who had based their lifestyle on the fear of being somewhat "disturbing" to others, at a glance with the concept "... I've Been There!" constituted the sample.
This continuous approach to social life was expressed a bit 'at all levels and in all events in the sensuality of course especially in women. Among the most common diseases
two in particular: breast cancer and C. uterus.
A significant intervening factor was surely made by the culture of the South that was, and still is conducted in stigmatizing certain social behaviors and therefore sexual.
Only by analyzing the cases of women there were always two aspects predominate: either the blame for certain life choices (such as separation), or a profound inhibition towards sex experience, and almost a demonization of the same.
From a male point of view rather than the blame, there was in many cases, an apparent inhibition of sex sublimation or channeled to other interests such as agricultural work, or whatever.
The cultural aspect has its importance in the elicitation of the disease, it varies according to the territory, so if the inhibitions are prevalent in the South or the blame of which the individual is responsible because it labeled in a certain way, we can say that the prevalence in the North is given by the excessive empowerment of living situations that put themselves in place, persons specified in precisely alexithymia were constant anxiety and depression which in the long run a destructive outcome.
course, as previously stated, the etiology of cancer is a complex mosaic that other intervening factors and produce the disease rather than a particular organ to another.
In this respect, the road taken is definitely up and fraught with difficulties, a search across the board gives a very open attitude and a great humility of purpose. If you want to understand you have to "study" and in this case the object of study is an extremely complex since the Universe Man and his way of representing reality.
References 1) B. Andersen "Sexual morbility Anang Cancer Survivors" 1984
2) Grossarth and Al-Maticek Soc Med 1982 Six "belief abaut conses of cancer patients"
3) Polivy J. "Psycological effects of mastectomy on a woman's feminine self concept" Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1977
4) Schin W. S. " sexual functioning, self ester and cancer care " Front. Radiant ther oncology 1979
5) Sthefen Lermer (Cancer and Osiche Ediz, SIAD 1984)
6) Frederic Vester ibidem pag. 56 SIAD 1984
7) Bammer ibidem pag. 56/57
8) Lerner "Cancer and Psiche"
9) Baider L. "Select Social-Psychological characteristics of a sampe of Israeli cancer patients fact and implications " Israeli of medical sciences 1982
10) Grossarth- Maticek "Psicological factors as Strong predictors of morbility from cancer Ischaemic learth disease and stroke: the ygoslave prospettive study" jurnal of psychosomatic research Vol. 29
11) Leventhl H. Meyer D. Nerez D. "The comma sense representation of illeans danger" ed contribubutions to medical Psycology Vol. 2 Oxford: Pergaman Press 1980.
Sessualità e cancro: un approcccio sociologico
